Morality and ethical similarities and differences of concepts

The word “bigotry” carries a negative connotation, but the phenomenon itself is not considered something too bad. At the same time, the hypocrisy of others can greatly affect a person’s life. This is proven, for example, by the scandal “We have the right to swimsuits, piercings and, God forgive me, sex.” Lenta.ru with the dismissal of a teacher who posted a photo in a swimsuit on social networks, or the story of Cherchesov explained why he did not call Dzyuba to the national team. “He will stay at home, the situation will be closed.” Fontanka.ru Artyom Dzyuba, suspended from the national football team due to an intimate video leaked to the Internet.

Lifehacker finds out what morality is, how it differs from morality, and why both should not be confused with hypocrisy.

comparison table

Morality and ethical similarities and differences

Moral	Morality
What are they?	Rules of conduct are recognized in relation to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture.	Principles or habits regarding right or wrong behavior. While morality also prescribes dos and don'ts. Morality is ultimately a personal compass of good and evil.
Where are they from?	Social System - External	Individual - Internal
Why are we doing this?	Because society says it's right.	Because we believe something is right or wrong.
Flexibility	Morality depends on others for definition. They tend to be consistent in a certain context. But may vary depending on the context.	Usually consistent, although may change if the person's beliefs change.
Similarities	A person who strictly follows moral principles may have no morals at all. Similarly, it is possible to violate moral principles within a given system of rules in order to maintain moral integrity.	The moral person, although perhaps bound by a higher covenant, may follow moral principles.
Origin	Russian word derived from the root "nrav"	The Latin word "mos", meaning "custom"
Eligibility	Moral behavior is regulated by professional guidelines at a certain time and place.	Morality goes beyond cultural norms

The nature of values

Axiology is a philosophical doctrine that studies the nature of values. Its name comes from the Greek words axios (value) and logos (teaching). Axiology, like philosophy itself, has gone through a long stage of development and formation in the form in which it exists now. At different times, people's ideas about the concept in question varied. For example, during the period of ancient and medieval philosophy, values and being were identified concepts.

Epochs changed, and with them the philosophical system itself changed . These changes left their mark on the very understanding of values. If in the Middle Ages everything that happened in a person’s life was associated with religion, then in the Renaissance, humanism was put at the forefront. Thus, each era had its own value system.

As can be seen from the above example, values are of a social nature and are formed under the influence of a specific historical era and the activities of people during this period and earlier. In different centuries, the same concept was assessed differently. Values are often formed under the influence of the environment and the people around us.

Detailed classification

The first classification involves division by attribute. In this case, what exactly is being assessed is considered, as well as on what basis such an assessment takes place. Based on this gradation, values are distinguished:

Subject. These include what is important to the individual. Some things, objects, phenomena can be considered as objective values.
Subjective. Based on them, the subject evaluates this or that phenomenon. Subjective values include legal norms, attitudes, requirements, and law.

Values differ in scope and distribution. According to this criterion, moral, scientific and artistic types are distinguished.

Values are also classified according to the number of subjects for whom a particular phenomenon is important. According to this type, they are divided into universal, inherent to all people, group and simply values. Group values are those that relate to a certain circle of people. For example, religious ones are characteristic of people of a particular confession, while national ones presuppose a community based on nationality. This also includes age values.

Additional criteria

The next criterion divides values into external and internal . This gradation is based on the degree to which people recognize them as their own goals. One of the main classifications of values is their significance for the people themselves. Taking this criterion into account, they are divided into eternal and situational. The latter, as the name itself suggests, change under the influence of external factors—changes of eras and value orientations.

The last classification takes as a basis the functions that perform certain values. We can distinguish, for example, those that are used as a method of control in society as a whole or in individual groups, as well as values as a way of orientation.

Definition of morality

Morals are the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values of a person or group that tell us what is right or wrong. These are the rules and standards adopted by society or culture that we must follow when deciding what is right. Some moral principles:

Do not cheat
Be loyal
Be patient
Always tell the truth
Be generous

Morality refers to beliefs that are not objectively correct, but which are considered correct for any situation. Therefore, it can be said that what is morally right cannot be objectively right.

Distinctive features of moral standards

Universal obligation. Some categories of people cannot be convicted by law, for example, due to their young age or other reasons. Moral norms imply that for a bad deed, everyone who committed it will receive condemnation.
Voluntariness. Perhaps this is the main distinguishing feature. All residents and guests of the state are required to comply with the law. Compliance with moral standards lies on the conscience of each individual person. It depends on his upbringing and personal qualities, as well as his personal opinion about reasonableness and the acceptable framework of morality.
The special nature of sanctions for non-compliance. This sign follows from the previous one. If failure to comply with state laws is punishable by criminal or administrative penalties, failure to comply with moral standards is punishable by public censure.
Inclusiveness. Moral laws apply to everyone - from major politicians to ordinary citizens.

Definition of Morality

Morality is a branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of behavior of an individual or group. This works as a guiding principle to decide what is good or bad. These are the standards that govern a person's life. Morality is also known as moral philosophy. Some moral principles:

Truthfulness
Honesty
Loyalty
Respect
Justice
Integrity

Key Differences Between Morality and Ethics

The main differences between morality and morality are as follows:

Morality deals with what is "right or wrong." Morality deals with what is "good or evil."
Morals are general guidelines created by society. For example, we must tell the truth and not lie. Conversely, morality is a response to a specific situation. For example, is it moral to assert the truth in a particular situation?
The term "morality" comes from the Greek word "mos", which refers to customs, and customs are determined by a group of people or some authority. On the other hand, morality comes from the Russian word "nrav", which refers to character, and character is an attribute.
Morality is dictated by society, culture or religion. And morality is chosen by the person himself, who controls his life.
Morality is concerned with the principles of good and evil. On the contrary, morality emphasizes right and wrong behavior
Since morality is framed and developed by the group, there is no opportunity to think and choose. The individual can either accept or refuse. Conversely, a person is free to think and choose the principles of his life in morality.
Morality can vary from society to society and from culture to culture. This is in contrast to morality, which remains the same regardless of culture, religion or society.
Morality has nothing to do with business. While morality is widely applied at work.
Morality is expressed in the form of statements. But morality is not expressed in the form of statements.

Read more: Maid, slave, secretary - subordination management

What signs distinguish a hypocrite from a moral person?

Demonstrative behavior

High moral standards and strict moral principles are not needed by bigots in order to live in accordance with ideas about justice, good and evil. Their main goal is to show themselves in the best light, emphasizing their exclusivity and superiority. In this they are helped by the demonstrativeness of A.G. Krasnov. Phariseeism as a moral and ethical concept. Culture. Spirituality. A society of demonstrated “virtues.”

Thus, hypocrites may reproach people with low wages or obesity, saying that they themselves are to blame for their problems. At the same time, the bigots themselves may never have encountered either poverty or excess weight. This type of “Here I am…” statement is often called the white coat phenomenon.

Formal perception of postulated norms

The formalism of bigots regarding norms and rules is directly related to demonstrative behavior. Without understanding their essence, such people blindly follow the established canons. Thus, a formalist teacher will require students not to understand the meaning of the paragraph, but to memorize it, not to show creativity and originality, but to follow rules that are specific to the point of absurdity.

The norm for being a prude is a reason to label others. At the same time, he cares little about the internal content hidden behind them. For example, if people cohabit without getting married, it means they are debauchees. The prude doesn’t care that the couple can be satisfied with everything, and some unregistered relationships are much happier than official ones.

Double standards

There is another side to the formalism of bigots. What they demand from others can Krasnova A.G. Phariseeism as a moral and ethical concept. Culture. Spirituality. Society is considered optional for oneself. For example, while condemning violence in video games and films that supposedly spoil the psyche of teenagers, a bigot happily consumes the same content and sees nothing wrong with it.

The vagueness and ambiguity of such concepts as morality, spirituality, justice, honesty, decency creates fertile ground for sanctimonious insinuations. This, coupled with demagogy, allows you to interpret any events and actions in your favor, says A.G. Krasnova. Pharisaism as a moral and ethical concept. Culture. Spirituality. Society is about its own positive qualities, but denies them to other people.

A prude can judge girls in “too revealing” clothes on the street, but at the same time admire candid photos on the Internet; condemn swearing, but use foul language, explaining it with your own reasons. This behavior is most eloquently described by the meme “You don’t understand, this is different!”

Examples of behavior

If the son of a major politician committed a crime. And the politician uses his powers to free his son from legal consequences. Then this act is immoral because the politician is trying to save the criminal.
A very close friend or relative of the interviewer comes to the interview. And, without asking a single question, he chooses it. This act is not moral. Because the selection process must be transparent and impartial.
A grocer sells adulterated products to its customers to earn more profit. This act is neither moral nor ethical. Because he is deceiving his clients and the profession at the same time.

Every person has some principles that help him cope with any adverse situation throughout his life. These are known as moral principles. On the other hand, morality is not hard and fast rules. Or very strict, but they are the rules that most people consider correct. This is why people accept them widely. This is all to distinguish morality from morality.

Infatuation and Love: Similarities and Differences

Differences between a man and a woman: level of feelings

What is respectful attitude towards a person and how is it expressed?

What distinguishes morality from laws?

Inquiring minds often ask the following question. Many aspects of people's lives are regulated through legislation. The basic laws are similar everywhere, regardless of the specifics of the state: for example, they prohibit killing, except in specified cases, for example, killing an enemy on the battlefield. The law prohibits theft, fraud, the use of deception and violence in order to take possession of someone else's property.

That is, a huge part of the norms of behavior in our lives are determined by laws. How does morality differ from them, why is it needed at all? The following answers can be given to this question.