Logoneurosis (stuttering) in children and adults

Logoneurosis is a pronounced disturbance in the rate of speech, in the form of delays, changes, frequent repetitions, prolongation of individual sounds or syllables. This problem manifests itself between the ages of two and six years. In this case, it is necessary to contact speech development specialists, since there may be several reasons for this phenomenon. Logoneurosis or stuttering is a speech disorder in which individual words or syllables are repeated.

According to statistics, about 10% of children suffer from the diagnosis, and it occurs three times more often in boys than in girls. Logoneurosis and the army are quite compatible, except in particularly severe cases (when speech disorders are caused by disorders of the central nervous system). And also, when stuttering, a disability is not assigned.

Who may develop logoneurosis?

Logoneurosis in adults often stems from childhood, if it has not been eliminated. The longer a person stutters, the more difficult it is to treat. The most effective period in which therapy should be undertaken is 5 years. After this, the likelihood of complete relief from this speech disorder gradually decreases. According to medical statistics, about 18% of patients got rid of stuttering, which had been observed for more than 5 years.

If stuttering first appears in adulthood, it is necessary to conduct a thorough diagnosis, since such phenomena are extremely rare. Limitations in communication affect many aspects of a person’s social life. A person may avoid contact with other people, nervousness and stress may appear. Problems with speech lead to the so-called second round of experiences. Often you have to seek help from a psychotherapist, without whose help a complete cure is impossible. Getting rid of stuttering (logoneurosis) itself is a long and painstaking process.

It has been noted that stuttering is rarely observed in people with a balanced, calm character. Many adult patients suffering from logoneurosis have neurotic manifestations, which are expressed in nail biting, hair twisting, etc.

How does logoneurosis manifest in children?

In addition to pronounced speech disorders, children suffering from stuttering also experience other symptoms. Depending on the symptoms, neurosis is divided into different types - phobic. The presence of pronounced fears of something and obsessive, having the same type of movements. In children this is observed in the form of tics. There are a number of involuntary movements that can be observed:

involuntary twitching of arms and legs;
grunts;
patting with palms or hands;
wink;
increased head turning;
nose scratching

Exacerbations of logoneuroses occur during emotional experiences, which can be relieved by a change of environment or motor relaxation. The repetition of certain actions has a strict sequence and may even have their own names. In younger children, there is often a fear of sharp household objects and confined spaces. In some cases, a child may have a fear of speaking in front of people or embarrassment in simply answering an adult or another child. Over time, this can develop into a relapsing phase, which leads to an even deeper neurotic state.

At an older age, a child may develop various fears, increased anxiety, and the appearance of suspiciousness. In parallel with stuttering, mental disorders develop in the form of emotional instability, impressionability, and a tendency to develop various fears. Severe forms of secondary disorders may also develop. Such kids are withdrawn and have a harder time adapting to their surroundings, especially to a new team.

There are three types of symptom prevalence:

Tonic logoneurosis. Delays in the form of speech pauses during which the child tries to say something. This manifests itself in the form of stretching sounds.
Clonic. Repeating a specific sound over and over again.
Mixed. Manifestation of both types.

The main symptom of any logoneurosis is stuttering. It occurs due to a spasm in the speech department, during which it is impossible to pronounce a particular sound. If the tongue or lips are compressed, articulatory spasms are observed. Logoneurosis is the repetition of one sound or part of a word or syllable. Typically, stuttering does not appear all the time, but only in stressful circumstances, strong emotions, quarrels, and various positive or negative circumstances. Logoneurosis is often accompanied by muscle spasms, frequent blinking, nervous tics, and lack of air. These are the main symptoms of logoneurosis in children.

What is logoneurosis in adults

In adults, stuttering is usually accompanied by a number of symptoms:

increased anxiety;
sleep disorders;
appetite disorders;
increased sweating;
repetitions and pauses in speech;
tics;
feeling of suffocation.

When angry or frightened, temporary stuttering may occur. This picture is typical for most adult patients suffering from various logoneuroses.

How does adult stuttering differ from childhood stuttering?

If stuttering appears after experiencing stress, the use of sedatives may help. This will prevent this speech defect from becoming entrenched. Logoneurosis in an adult is different in that a person can speak normally in a calm state. In a child, stuttering is already present when constructing a phrase; in adult patients, internal speech remains unchanged. In terms of their external manifestations, logoneuroses look the same. Differences are observed at the mental level, accompanied by a number of associated symptoms.

The role of psychotherapy

Despite the fact that stuttering is a speech pathology, its treatment in adults is very often carried out not by speech therapists, but by psychotherapists, while when working with children, psychotherapeutic techniques are ineffective.

Experienced neurologists often in their practice encounter patients who know how to speak correctly, but because of some internal fears and problems, they are simply afraid of it. There are many examples of musicians who play wind instruments stuttering. Is it worth saying that they need to train their breathing? Should stuttering singers train their voice and articulatory apparatus? Of course, there is nothing wrong with these exercises, they will be useful to every person, but will they play a decisive role in correcting such a speech defect as stuttering?

In some cases, after such classes a person actually begins to speak correctly, but this is most likely due to self-hypnosis and the adult’s faith in specialists. That is, he came to a respected person, did everything correctly, which means he will speak. That is why, when working with children in correctional ways, these methods do not work on their own.

One of the most effective methods of psychotherapeutic influence is hypnosis. But specialists can use other correction methods. The choice of a specific technique largely depends on the identified reasons. After a stutterer gets rid of his fears, internal complexes, uncertainty and other psychological problems, he can quickly restore his speech and not remember the illness for the rest of his life.

Clinical picture

The main symptom of logoneurosis, which is included in the clinical picture, is stuttering. This concept can also include:

repeated repetition of individual words or syllables that a person is not able to control;
stretching or lengthening a word;
increased tone of the facial muscles;
respiratory spasms;
high activity of facial expressions.

One of the obvious signs of speech logoneurosis is the presence of spastic breathing. Breathing is directly related to the voice, articulation, and movement of the larynx. Impaired respiratory activity leads to intermittent speech. If attempts are made to cope with this, the hitches only become more obvious and pronounced. Logoneurosis according to ICD 10 has code F-98.5. This is a group of disorders that begin in childhood.

Symptoms and types

There is a classification of logoneuroses. As it progresses it can be:

Permanent. It appears constantly and in all forms of speech.
Recurrent. appears and disappears without reference to various factors. Normal speech can be maintained for a long period.
Wavy. The speech disorder subsides and then recurs.

According to the type of seizures, logoneurosis is divided into:

Tonic type. Muscle contractions occur over a long period of time and have great force.
Clonic. Alternating short spasms.
Mixed. Both types are observed.

According to its clinical form, logoneurosis in children is classified into neurotic and neurosis-like. The neurotic type occurs in the absence of intrauterine or birth injuries and pathologies. The cause of this form is often psychological trauma or the introduction of a second language in early childhood. This type of logoneurosis is functional in nature, in which the brain structure is not damaged. That is why it is easier to treat.

Neurosis-like stuttering is often diagnosed in women during pregnancy, which is accompanied by toxicosis and injuries. In this case, speech disorders occur due to damage to the brain, its speech center. Clear manifestations are noticeable at the age of 3-4 years, when the child begins to actively talk, construct complex sentences, and communicate with others in separate structured phrases.

Degrees of the disease

There are three degrees of severity of logoneurosis:

mild form - isolated convulsions are observed in spontaneous speech;
medium – convulsions appear when speaking, but the person can speak absolutely normally for a long time;
severe - speech convulsions are observed in any situation, including if a person is talking to himself.

This division is of a formal nature. Most experts note this classification as untenable, since it depends on many factors - time, specific situation, place.

Symptoms

The main symptom of stuttering is cramps (abnormal contraction of the muscles of the speech apparatus) during speech. Their duration can take from 1-2 to 12-13 seconds, and in some severe cases reach 80 seconds or more.

Be attentive to your child and help him overcome or prevent the development of stuttering.

In children with stuttering, the sequence in the pronunciation of individual words is also disrupted; children lose their train of thought due to pronounced pauses, experience emotional distress and, as a result, acquire character traits of a “defective” person.

Let us dwell in more detail on the feeling of inferiority, since this symptom largely determines the further development and course of stuttering in a child. This feeling is also called “painful fixation” of a stutterer.

There are three degrees of “painful fixation”:

First Art. (children feel comfortable, and they do not experience embarrassment or shame due to a speech defect).
Second Art. (children lose a sense of comfort, experience moderate embarrassment, shame due to a speech defect, and try to disguise it)..
Third Art. (pronounced concentration on their speech impediment, experience severe embarrassment, shame. Usually this degree is noted in children of senior school age).

The effectiveness of treatment for children who stutter directly depends on the degree of “painful fixation.” The higher the fixity, the less favorable the prognosis for speech therapy work.

There are three degrees of stuttering:

minor - stuttering appears only during excitement (expressed emotions) and during rapid speech.
moderate - do not stutter at rest and in normal surroundings; Only when emotions are expressed does stuttering appear.
pronounced - they stutter constantly.

Possible causes of the disease

Speech neurosis or logoneurosis appears in early childhood, around 3-4 years. The reasons that can provoke it are individual in each case. These may be hereditary or neurological reasons. In adulthood, the prerequisites may be neurological causes - lesions in the brain. This can happen after injuries, stroke, cerebral circulatory disorders, due to complications from a number of infectious diseases.

There are also neurotic factors (psychogenic), which include various mental traumas and imbalances in the nervous system. Neuroses caused by such reasons belong to a complex group that require an individual approach to treatment.

In children, the reasons for the development of logoneurosis are similar. They can all be divided into some groups:

defects of the central nervous system caused by intrauterine pathologies, birth injuries, diseases at an early age;
characteristics of the nervous system – increased tearfulness, anxiety;
features of speech development;
hereditary characteristics of the central nervous system;
external pathogenic factors;
development of speech at a late age;
physical disabilities in a child that form complexes, feeling like a “black sheep” among other children.

There are also factors associated with the development of stuttering. These include:

high demands from parents;
frequent nagging, excessive control, there is no one strategy for raising a child;
poor emotional contact with adults and peers.

Logoneurosis can be caused by frequent or constant stress, the atmosphere with the family in which the child lives. Frequent reasons are conflicts in the family, kindergarten, etc.

Etiological factors of the disorder

Logoneurosis can appear as a reaction to severe stress. Before a diagnosis of logoneurosis can be made, a specialist must understand what exactly led to it. For children there are three main reasons:

head injuries, infections, cerebral palsy, brain tumors;
mental disorders and diseases;
hereditary factors.

In children, logoneurosis appears many times more often than in adults. If a child is just learning to speak, logoneurosis may be a normal phenomenon during the formation of the speech apparatus. For teenagers, the most common causes of logoneurosis are an unstable psyche, emotional instability, excessive dramatization, and impressionability. One of the most common causes of stuttering is family troubles and conflicts between parents.

Obsessive movement neurosis as a cause of stuttering

A common cause of the development of logoneurosis is obsessive movement. This may include involuntary blinking, tics, coughing, smacking, and others. Parents may not pay attention to this or not notice them at all. In the initial phase of development, the child is practically no different from other children, and parents are confident that this is temporary and will soon go away on its own. Over time, these movements become more and more noticeable to others and they appear more noticeably.

The child is examined by specialized specialists, such as an ophthalmologist or otolaryngologist, who do not see any problems in their field. Nervous tics are excitation of certain parts of the brain. This phenomenon has an instantaneous contraction of the facial muscles that occurs spontaneously and cannot be controlled.

External factors provoking logoneurosis

The development of a child is influenced by the environment in which he grows up - living conditions, environment, correct upbringing. Individual factors include sleep and eating schedules. The child should be in a comfortable environment and not experience mental and physical pressure from other children and adults. Ambient sound stimulation is of particular importance. For example, if the TV is constantly on in the apartment, loud music is playing, the child’s sound perception is disrupted. A small space and lack of fresh air can aggravate this situation.

Spontaneous factors that can lead to emotional and physical stress deserve special attention - accidents, encounters with wild animals, scandals, fights in the family, and others. Children who stutter have a predominance of excitation over inhibition in the functioning of their nervous system. That is, the inhibitory function of the speech apparatus is weakened. Accurate determination of the factor will allow you to select the correct treatment and treatment tactics.

Stuttering, its prevention and elimination

The essence of stuttering

Stuttering is a painful, severe speech disorder . It is difficult to eliminate, disorganizes the child’s personality, slows down the correct course of upbringing and education, and complicates the normal inclusion of a preschooler in the children’s team.

That is why educators should seriously think about ways to eliminate this deficiency in their students. It is necessary to understand the nature of stuttering, study the personality of the stutterer and master the available special pedagogical methods. Under such conditions, the teacher can often help the child even more than a speech therapist, due to more intimate and prolonged contact with his pupil and his family. Stuttering is a functional speech disorder, externally expressed in muscle spasms of certain speech organs at the time of sound pronunciation (lips, tongue, soft palate, larynx, pectoral muscles, diaphragm, abdominal muscles). Speech is interrupted due to delay in certain sounds and words.

Forms of stuttering Stuttering is a violation of speech rhythm, often associated with an imperfect rhythm of movements of the whole body (clumsiness, awkwardness in movements). Sometimes the spasms repeat rhythmically: pe-pe-pe - rooster or p-p-p - rooster, A-a-a-anya. This form of stuttering is typical of young children. It is called clonic. Sometimes, due to a cramp, a child is completely unable to utter the desired sound or lingers on it for a long time, painfully overcoming the cramp: p - - rooster, A .... (draws out the sound a for a long time) - Anya. This form of stuttering is called tonic. Usually the first sounds of words and phrases are pronounced with such difficulties. The easier, clonic form of stuttering often turns into a more difficult form of stuttering, called tonic, over time. It happens that a person who stutters, before uttering a word, convulsively, with a whistle, exhales almost all the air and then, choking, says: xxx (exhale) xya very sick - I’m very sick. Convulsions manifest themselves primarily in the respiratory apparatus of speech, then in the vocal, then in the articulatory apparatus. For many, stuttering is accompanied by convulsive or habitual movements of the arms, legs, and head. People who stutter often also have tongue-tiedness.

Simultaneously with convulsive manifestations, a stutterer experiences, mainly at an older age, a variety of painful phenomena. In a conversation, he is worried, afraid in advance that he will not be able to say well. Some people who stutter focus their attention on sounds that are “difficult” to pronounce. Some, usually more developed, are embarrassed, experience a feeling of acute shame in front of others because of their defect, unsuccessfully try to hide their defect from them (avoid conversations, limit themselves to laconic speech and short answers, speak quietly, through clenched teeth, blush, turn pale, cover up). Then). Such experiences have a bad effect on the child’s psyche and spoil his character (often he becomes irritable, suspicious, painfully touchy, unsociable, and sometimes embittered). They consolidate and intensify stuttering, therefore, the teacher’s close attention to such children is necessary. Children stutter only in the presence of other people - children and adults, but when alone they speak normally (for example, with toys). They also sing without stuttering. In one situation or in a conversation with certain people, the child does not stutter, but in other circumstances and people he stutters. Much depends on his current attitude towards his interlocutor and the situation.

Course of stuttering Stuttering occurs either suddenly, sometimes after a certain period of muteness (from several hours to several days), or gradually, gradually intensifying. The latter occurs most often as a result of diseases that deplete the nervous system and its intoxication. Under favorable conditions of life and development of the child’s body, it can gradually disappear. But if those around in the presence of a child begin to pay intense attention to the speech defect, talk a lot about this “misfortune”, grieve, groan, if the child has a fear of being funny when talking with others, if the nervous system is weakened, then stuttering, on the contrary, intensifies. Stuttering periodically weakens and intensifies, which is generally characteristic of nervous diseases, and depends on changes in external and internal stimuli falling on the child’s brain.

Causes and mechanisms of stuttering Stuttering most often occurs between the ages of 2 and 5 years, when the nervous system, auditory motor and speech systems of the brain have not yet become stronger, so their function is easily disrupted by unfavorable conditions (excessive or too complex stimuli), and then at 7 years of age. (entering school).

Favorable conditions for the occurrence of stuttering are the painful state of the child’s nervous system, caused by a number of circumstances: unfavorable conditions of pregnancy, difficult childbirth, childhood illnesses, especially whooping cough, which causes convulsions in the speech organs, difficult living conditions in the family, etc. As a result, children often turn out to be capricious, restless, irritable, with troubled sleep, and poor appetite.

These are remote, predisposing causes of stuttering that do not always necessarily cause stuttering. But with such a painful state of the nervous system, for the appearance of stuttering, sometimes the action of even not very strong, but unusual, unexpected or prolonged stimuli, which are excessive for a weak nervous system, is sufficient. The closest producing causes of stuttering:

Fright, a sudden change in the situation, fear, even in a dream, fear of darkness, loneliness, expected punishment or the arrival of a scary uncle, with which nannies intimidate a child who cannot sleep, etc. For example, one child began to stutter after seeing how Santa Claus took off his mask and before his eyes turned into his own dad.

Katya, a six-year-old girl, was afraid to be photographed. She was forcibly photographed and began to stutter. Children may also stutter due to slow speech development or poor pronunciation of certain sounds. In this case, some kind of deficiency in the speech motor systems of the brain causes stuttering. Stuttering in children, especially nervous ones, at an older age can occur due to painful self-hypnosis (pathological fixation), often “with the help” of others and as a result of failures in speech (distortion of sound, difficulty expressing one’s thoughts in words, etc.). Random stops and hesitations make such children confident that this will happen again in the future.

For some preschoolers, this happens from extremely fast speech: the child is in a hurry, imitating the fast speech of those around him and trying, due to his increased excitability, to quickly express his thought, stumbles over some sounds - and begins to stutter. This is where the overstrain of nervous processes occurs when quickly following dynamic stereotypes (sounds, syllables, words) and fixing failures.

Children of a weak nervous type, in particular those with unstable cortical speech mechanisms, cannot withstand speech loads that are beyond their strength. It is harmful for them to be overstimulated and forced to talk or recite a lot on any occasion to various people, to listen from morning to night to stories, fairy tales, reading, sometimes with content and language that is difficult for the child.

There may be cases of stuttering occurring during the paradoxical phase of speech reflexes, when self-hypnosis easily occurs. This condition is observed with fatigue (exhaustion) of the nervous system, with fear, embarrassment, confusion, cowardice, timidity, etc. In this state, any hesitation in speech can easily and firmly take hold and turn into stuttering.

Physical injuries (head injuries, falls from a height) often also cause impairment of brain function, even in children with strong nerves. And here the effect of nervous trauma is obvious.

Often stuttering is caused by infectious diseases: whooping cough, which impairs breathing and causes fear of a seizure; worms that deplete the child, irritate the nervous system and poison the brain with toxins (poisons), etc. There are cases of stuttering by imitation: nervous, mentally unstable children, listening to the speech of people who stutter or imitating them, involuntarily, due to the imitation reflex, begin to stutter themselves. It happens that left-handers, when they are forcibly retrained to use their right hand, begin to stutter: the coordination and connection of speech movements already established in the brain with the movements of the hand and the whole body are disrupted.

In most cases, stuttering can be considered a speech neurosis, i.e. disruption, disruption of normal activity as a result of excessive irritants of the nervous system. Such overstrain of nervous activity also includes “collisions” between two opposing basic processes of the brain - excitation and inhibition. Stuttering sometimes appears as a result of the simultaneous action of stimuli of an opposite nature. For example, dad invites the child to take a walk around the kindergarten, but mom forbids: “Don’t you dare go to kindergarten - you’ll get covered in dirt again.” As a result, an unbalanced child may experience a nervous breakdown (hysteria) and stutter.

These breakdowns are characteristic of an unbalanced type of nervous system, predominantly weak, and depend not only on its type, but also on many other reasons: the general environment (situation), the nature of the child’s speech and environment, past experience, state of health, mood, age, etc. .P.

Nervous breakdowns under certain conditions cause painful obsessive states: in the cerebral cortex, according to Pavlov, a “sick spot” (persistent pathological connections) is formed. During normal activity of the rest of the brain, stagnation and inertia of the irritative process occurs at this point - as a result, either persistent irritation or inhibition occurs in response to the stimulus coming here. A child who has previously stuttered experiences fear of stuttering again. I.P. Pavlov defines fear as “various degrees of passive defensive reflex.” It arises on the basis of overly sensitive, exaggerated inhibition in the cells of the cortex that were already pathologically weakened by strong irritants.

Often, stuttering under these conditions of brain activity is caused by long-term unpleasant emotional states (anticipation of punishment, jealousy of the child). According to A.D. Zarubashvili, “pathological anxiety” and painful overstrain of the dynamic capabilities of the second signaling system arise. The child is unable to properly analyze the complex and difficult situation of verbal communication created around him and begins to stutter. For example, a gourmet child broke a jar of jam in the buffet in the absence of his parents. A day passes, two, three. The mother does not detect “misfortune,” but the child is nervous, sleeps poorly, and answers inappropriately. On the fourth day, the parents notice that their son has begun to stutter. Sometimes stuttering can also occur due to the jealousy of the firstborn in relation to the new brother or sister.

You should refrain from teaching a foreign language to a person who stutters early - stuttering may worsen (especially with strict requirements from the teacher).

However, it is known that such stimuli do not always cause a child to stutter . Many children get scared, fall from a height, drown, etc., but after that they do not stutter. It all depends on the state of the child’s nervous system. If he is nervously healthy, then in the event of such influences he quickly returns to normal. With nervous weakness, the resulting shock leaves behind indelible traces in the form of a disorder of activity in the speech areas of the brain, which is expressed in stuttering.

Is stuttering hereditary? Many people still think so, but this opinion is wrong. In this case, only inferiority of the nervous system can be inherited. This is why parents who stutter do not always have children who stutter. Moreover, some of them stutter not because of the inherited nervous system, but as a result of imitating the speech of their parents. The fact that stuttering is not hereditary, but an acquired speech disorder, makes it easier to combat it.

So, stuttering is closely related to the state of the nervous system, to the child’s entire personality and his relationships with others. From this situation flow the means to combat it.

Elimination of stuttering From the very beginning of work, the educator (teacher) must take the person who stutters into special register, show him maximum attention, sensitivity, affection and interest in his personal life and thereby get closer to him and win him over. For this, a few good questions are often enough (does he have a dad? a mother? a brother? a sister? what are their names? does he have toys? which one is his favorite? where did he spend his summer? etc.).

You need to speak to people who stutter slowly and gently. Then they bring him closer to the most balanced, normally speaking children. First you need to talk to them separately, explain that it is difficult for a person who stutters to speak, he is embarrassed, but he will soon get used to it and stop stuttering. At the end of such a conversation, they should be invited to talk to the newcomer somewhat slowly, to keep him from speaking quickly, to involve him in calm games, to encourage him and protect him from attacks and insults, especially from being imitated by other children.

At the same time, the teacher carefully studies the child’s family, the causes of stuttering and living conditions, and observes the behavior of the person who stutters in the group, especially in conversation. As a result of this study, he gives the family advice on how to deal with a person who stutters and what aspects of everyday life need to be changed. A restrained, calm and attentive attitude towards a stutterer, without emphasized pity, tearfulness, caressing, indulgence in whims, firm discipline and routine (play, eat, sleep on time), calm living conditions, the absence of any kind of talk in front of him about his stuttering is the key to success. However, you need to consult a pediatrician.

Having established and persistently maintained these conditions in kindergarten and at home, the teacher subsequently monitors the formation of the correct speech of the stutterer and pays special attention to the special development of those aspects that are not sufficiently developed in him. This work is carried out in the following sections, of course, not in the sequence given in the book, but in their interrelation, with an emphasis on one or the other of the sections, depending on the defect.

Speech By his personal example and systematic requirements, the teacher teaches the stutterer to speak slowly, smoothly, rhythmically, and smoothly. This is achieved by pronouncing several words in one exhalation without pauses between them, by slightly stretching the vowel sounds in words and by rhythmic speech, for example: Tomorrow is the First Day. The phrase is pronounced as one word (tomorrow is the first). Slow speech not only helps to overcome stuttering, but also re-educates the personality of the stutterer (he becomes calmer, more self-possessed).

If the child begins to find it difficult to pronounce a given word, the teacher calmly prompts or pronounces it and gives the child the opportunity to continue speaking without delay. When a child for some reason begins to stutter severely, the teacher finishes what he started and calms him down, switching to something else. Under no circumstances should a person who stutters be forced to pronounce or repeat “difficult” sounds or words for him, i.e. strengthen pathological temporary connections.

The more often he speaks at the same time as the teacher and repeats the slow speech after him, the more successful the re-education of his speech will be. In severe forms of stuttering, it is necessary to conduct speech therapy work with the child more often, before or after classes, for 5-7 minutes (joint storytelling based on a picture, then repeating after the teacher and, finally, if successful in the previous one, independent speech - answers to questions , a story based on a picture, a message about your toys, about keeping your clothes in order, etc.).

In special classes with people who stutter, it is recommended to recite (better, relearn) rhymes more, since their rhythm regulates the fluency of speech. At the same time, the teacher also regulates speech breathing (after each line of the rhyme, a stop is made and a light breath is taken). Lines (poems) should be short (2-4 words). But the pronunciation should be smooth, not chanting.

And here consistency is observed in the techniques: joint speech, repeated and independent. It is necessary to accustom a stutterer to smooth, slow speech by listening to it when the teacher names objects, toys, etc., but do not force it on the child. Then talk coherently about the named objects (slowly, with pauses and breaths), and then ask: “What did we see?” (answers) “What is grandfather doing?” etc. Each phrase of the teacher is a musically complete melody, with clear verbal and logical emphasis.

Based on what has been said, ask more often questions about the development of logical thinking, which is often impaired in people who stutter due to fear of speaking. This kind of activity is useful here: “I’ll say one word, and you tell me what’s next?” (“The cat.” “The cat is meowing.”) It is sometimes useful for the child to listen to the teacher’s story with his eyes closed: he better develops the acoustic structure of speech, and more clearly creates ideas about speech movements and its content (distractions are excluded).

It is very useful for a person who stutters to participate in choral singing (as well as singing alone, because it regulates breathing and eliminates interruptions in speech), in speech games (speech lotto, dominoes, playing ball with speech accompaniment), in round dances and performances, in the recitation of poetry, especially in chorus or to music and with movement. For example, fishing for fish on a magnetic hook with the sentence: “Catch, small fish, catch, big fish,” naming the caught fish and counting them.

It is also good for a child to compose a whole story from individual pictures, accompanying this process with speech (“Unsuccessful Fisherman”, “Grandfather and the Turnip”, etc.), collective recitation of individual poems, telling already known fairy tales, when one begins (usually the teacher), and others continue one by one. The song is learned in parts: first the teacher sings two or three phrases, then together with the child. Poems are also learned by heart. All this instills in the child confidence in his speech abilities and overcomes fear.

If you have tongue-tiedness, which worsens stuttering, you must hurry to eliminate it using conventional methods. When eliminating tongue-tiedness, you need to inspire the child: “If you say the sound (such and such) well, you will stop stuttering.” Sometimes this happens.

Breathing and voice For a person who stutters, it is often incorrect. You should teach the child to speak with sufficient exhalation, for which you need to ensure that he inhales calmly during speech more often, but without effort, without raising his shoulders or filling his lungs. Frequent stops and short phrases promote the development of proper speech breathing. Everything stated (on pp. 112-114) about eliminating breathing problems is also mandatory for people who stutter. Attention is also drawn to this during physical education, especially in exercises for smooth exhalation. It is necessary to develop a voice that stutters is confident and strong enough. This is facilitated by choral singing. It is very useful to appoint such a child as lead singer.

It is recommended to encourage children to play musical instruments, dance, move with speech and music, or clap their hands. All this, developing the rhythm of movements, organizes, like singing, the rhythm of speech, disciplines the stutterer and creates a cheerful mood in him, strengthens his will.

Motor skills People who stutter, if they have some awkwardness, clumsiness in their movements, or poor coordination, should be intensively involved in various games with movement, and intensive physical training should be carried out with them (after consultation with a doctor). If a child notices excessive muscle tension (rigidity) during speech and other movements, which can be easily verified by feeling the muscles of the forearm, neck, chest, and abdomen, then it is useful to perform disinhibiting gymnastics in the form of a game. For example, a child “rinses” the laundry (bending over, quickly moving his arms left and right with limp hands); depicts how a flower gradually grows and then fades (having crouched and huddled into a ball with relaxed muscles, the child gradually rises and spreads his arms to the sides, and then sluggishly gathers himself into a ball again). The teacher checks muscle tension by feeling. It is useful to carry out these techniques before speech games. Sometimes even in the conversation itself (a break is taken), by feeling the arms, neck, etc., one should bring them into a relaxed state (disinhibit): the child is asked to move his arms, head, and shake his body easily, without tension.

Psyche When we talk about the impact on the child’s psyche, we are thereby talking about the laws of higher nervous activity as the material basis of the psyche. In this part of working with a stutterer, the main thing is to instill in him self-confidence (overcome the fear of speech) and awareness of his usefulness. To do this, in addition to what has already been indicated, it is necessary: 1. In case of strong excitement, embarrassment or timidity of the child, interrupt the convulsive speech, caress, console, calm him down, explaining that everyone loves him, he has nothing to fear or be ashamed of. However, you should not talk about this topic for a long time - it is important to distract the child from difficult experiences and thoughts in time. 2. Involve in the collective life of the group, but give feasible instructions, gradually complicating them and linking them as much as possible with speeches in front of the group (short reports on what has been done, stories about mom). Before such speeches, it is necessary to encourage and calm the stutterer. 3. Carefully encourage the stutterer to engage in more active activities. In these cases, you need to very carefully support the child, encouraging and calming, and make sure that the stuttering does not worsen. If speech deteriorates, one should tactfully, without harming the child’s self-esteem, temporarily free him from unnerving activities. 4. Identify the main interest of the stutterer and, if he is healthy, facilitate its implementation. The more a child is busy with his favorite activity and the more aware of his usefulness, the less he thinks about his stuttering, about his imaginary insufficiency, and therefore, the less he stutters. 5. Encourage the stutterer in every possible way, but skillfully, taking advantage of every appropriate opportunity, especially when he speaks without stuttering; This strengthens his self-confidence and awareness of his success in speech. If unsuccessful, calm him down and divert his attention to another subject. 6. Cultivate in him a strong will, courage, bold posture, and a firm gait. 7. It is necessary to teach a stutterer the skill of looking his interlocutor straight in the eyes while speaking (he usually avoids this). 8. It is harmful to talk about his stuttering in front of a child, or to demonstrate his defect to other people (only specialists are allowed). The most important and difficult thing is to help a stutterer overcome his painful conviction that he “won’t be able to speak,” that he “can’t” say the right word, that he is “worse than others.”

Without following the listed tips, individual techniques (slow speech, treatment, etc.) very often do not give positive, much less lasting, results. It is necessary to take into account the individual qualities of the stutterer, his age, character and inclinations. With lively, lively, talkative and cheerful fidgets, you can act more boldly and discipline them; on the contrary, lethargic, withdrawn, gloomy and touchy children should be treated more carefully, gradually involving them in the life of the team so that they do not withdraw even more into themselves. You need to know the child’s life from birth, the cause of stuttering, but not mention it in front of the child.

Nervous and stuttering older children need to be tactfully taught, through passing advice and instructions, not to rush into an answer, but to think first, to stop (take a breath) more often during an answer or story, and to speak slowly, calmly, and smoothly. But it is harmful to insistently remind you of this, much less irritably demand it.

It is necessary to ensure that this gradually becomes a habit. It is useful to systematically record in a special diary the implementation of these rules and the child’s behavior in general. This assessment in the form of red and black circles is made by both the teacher and parents with the active participation of the child - he draws the circles himself. Working on a diary encourages people who stutter to overcome their defect and serves as good material for educational conversations with them.

If a child’s stuttering is discovered in kindergarten or in the family, he is immediately put to bed under the pretext of some illness (not stuttering). It is better if this is done as prescribed by a doctor. There is complete silence. Without forbidding a child to talk to toys and pictures, those around them may talk to him less. Natural sleep is lengthened, and sometimes the doctor uses therapeutic sleep. If necessary, resort to drug treatment. Neither the child nor his friends should know about stuttering. After one or two weeks of this regimen, stuttering often disappears completely. If it does not stop (the period is set by the doctor, there is no hurry), then the child returns to kindergarten, and is dealt with in the same way as in other cases of stuttering.

Close contact with a doctor, and if possible, with a speech therapist, is mandatory throughout the course of classes with a person who stutters. The teacher himself must clearly realize that the fate of the preschooler is in his hands: with the right approach, stuttering in the overwhelming majority of cases disappears forever. It is necessary to protect the child from harmful effects on his nervous system and strengthen the success achieved.

If a former stutterer finds himself in the same conditions under which he began to stutter, or reminiscent of them, then a relapse is possible. Therefore, such a child must be protected for a long time from such irritants and, in general, from strong effects on his nervous system. When transferring him to school, the teacher or parents are obliged to give the teacher appropriate explanations and recommend a certain approach to the child, preparing favorable conditions for him. It is good to introduce the child to his future teacher before entering school.

It happens that, despite the measures taken, a child’s stuttering intensifies when he enters kindergarten. This may be due to overstimulation of his weak nervous system by various stimuli from the children's group and the new environment. In such cases, it is necessary to return the child to the family, of course, under suitable living conditions for the child.

One of the best ways to overcome stuttering in preschoolers is a calm environment in the child’s life, a healthy daily routine and the right attitude of others. Parents should be advised in the summer to take stuttering children out of the city for as long as possible (3-4 months) to a quiet, peaceful place. The child should spend most of his time communicating with a calm, self-possessed, affectionate mother, grandmother or elderly nanny and be friends with no more than one balanced friend, preferably a younger one, not overheat in the sun, and not be overexcited in games. It is necessary to protect and strengthen the child’s nerves. Thus, the main thing is psychotherapy and promotion of general health.

A striking illustration of this is the case of eliminating stuttering from preschooler Katya (the one who was afraid to be photographed). In a remote village in the Chita region, the mother and mainly the grandmother, guided by our advisory letter, decisively and thoughtfully began to overcome Katya’s stuttering. This is what her mother writes to us a year later: “... We have a separate house and estate, so there was an opportunity to seclude the child for a while. But you can’t keep your child in your yard all the time, away from the children’s company? The girl went for walks in the forest, to the river, to the playground where children always gather, but she always walked in the presence of her grandmother, who occupied her so much that she did not particularly chatter and did not reveal her shortcomings. For games, the grandmother invited quiet, calm girls, who were inferior to her in many ways, girls older than her in age, or, conversely, the youngest girls, who themselves babbled somehow and could not reprimand her that she was speaking wrong. But at home there was a brother, six years older than her, and another cousin, both noisy, active, tomboyish boys. Both of them were ordered very strictly that they should under no circumstances remind Katya that she stuttered or correct her. But in private, her grandmother very seriously told her that if she was in a hurry during a conversation and pronounced words incorrectly, then she would never take her anywhere - neither to the forest, nor to the river. I sang a lot of children's songs with her, learned poems from my voice, and read Russian fairy tales slowly, intoning them. The girl remembered all this, and since imitation is highly developed in her, she read poetry and fairy tales exactly the same way, with all the intonations. At home they created a calm environment for her so that nothing would make her nervous or irritate her: proper quiet sleep, eating at the same time, daily bathing, playing outside. Its disadvantage, i.e. stuttering gradually began to disappear. Katya began to stutter only when she was in a hurry, but this gradually disappeared.”

In the described methodology, in accordance with the teachings of I.P. Pavlov on higher nervous activity, it is indicated that stuttering is overcome mainly by the following: 1) The formation of new dominant foci of excitation (dominants), other temporary connections in the cerebral cortex, alteration of the vicious speech dynamic stereotype, which is achieved by changing the living conditions and speech of the stutterer, rest of the exhausted and weakened by unfavorable external stimuli of cortical cells involved in the speech act. 2) Elimination of unaccountable fear (phobia), if necessary, to talk with other people, suspiciousness, anxiety by developing inhibition through suggestion, reassurance, explanation, especially when the child is in a calm, somewhat inhibited state. 3) Therapeutic procedures that strengthen nervous processes in the cerebral cortex, and therefore in impaired speech systems. In persistent cases of stuttering and in the absence of a suitable home environment, it is necessary to place the stuttering person in a special children's institution for stutterers.

Need a speech therapist for adults? Sign up for a consultation by phone or through the feedback form in the “Contacts” section.

How to treat logoneurosis

Logoneurosis in children should be treated by various specialists, primarily speech therapists and psychotherapists. The latter is the main guarantee of effective therapy. Along with it, speech training, development of self-control, and improvement of intellectual capabilities should be carried out. Specialists use various approaches - the use of medications, physiotherapy, exercise therapy and others. Along with appropriate psychotherapy, this will maximize the elimination of these speech defects.

Treating logoneurosis in adults and children is a complex process that requires a lot of effort and time. In the case of a child, you will have to reconsider your relationships within the family, eliminate all conflicts between parents, and create a favorable atmosphere. A child should not suffer from his speech defect, otherwise he may develop an inferiority complex and other mental disorders.

Clinical therapy

Logoneurosis in adults can be treated using sedatives that have a calming effect on the nervous system. As an addition, you can include drugs that improve the overall functioning of the brain and its blood circulation. It is important to remember that such drugs should be prescribed exclusively by specialists.

Principles of psychotherapy

If logoneurosis or stuttering is based on psychological trauma, it is necessary to accurately establish its cause. To determine organic lesions in the brain, it is necessary to perform an MRI or CT scan. The treatment itself can be divided into two types - correction of neurological or psychological manifestations. Any logoneurosis is a multicomponent disorder that also requires a comprehensive solution. Each patient requires a special approach, developed exclusively for him. This applies to both children and adults.

A psychotherapist must work to eliminate psychological problems. A specialist conducts individual sessions to find the most optimal solution. Sometimes hypnosis, auto-training, and other techniques are used. These techniques are aimed at restoring the patient’s self-confidence and eliminating complexes associated with stuttering. As practice shows, for the treatment of stuttering in adults, hypnosis shows good effectiveness. After the sessions, the patient receives a recording of his own speech so that he can make sure that stuttering is significantly reduced or completely eliminated.

Speech therapy classes

Sessions with a speech therapist can help you get rid of logoneurosis. These techniques are designed to eliminate speech defects, provide clear and intelligible sound pronunciation, and make the patient’s speech fluent.

Primary therapy is carried out together with a speech therapist. Later, you can practice oral speech with your child on your own. The classes themselves can be individual or group. There are several methods for treating logoneurosis in children that have proven effective:

Method of Vygodskaya, Uspenskaya and Pellinger. This treatment lasts 2-3 months and consists of 36 sessions. The basis of the technique is the creation of situations that form independent speech in the child. The entire lesson is conducted in a playful way, which makes it as comfortable and interesting as possible for him. In later classes, the specialist should help use detailed phrases.
Smirnova's technique. Such classes are held every day, for about 20 minutes. The course lasts 30 weeks or one academic year. This program is designed to develop the rhythm and tempo of speech, improve fine motor skills, improve muscle tone, and also develop speech coordination.
Silivestrov's technique. Treatment of logoneurosis in children lasts about 3-4 months and 32-36 lessons. This approach consists of three stages - preparatory, training, consolidation. At the first stage, a comfortable environment for the child is created, his verbal communication is narrowed. The second stage is a gradual transition from quiet to loud speech. At this stage, parents are also involved in the process. At the last, third stage, the child can independently construct a long conversation and read the text well and clearly.
Shklovsky's technique. This course lasts about three months. The patient himself must be in a hospital setting. Psychiatrists, speech therapists, and neurologists work with him.
Harutyunyan technique. The patient remains in the hospital for 24 days of therapy. Then 5 additional courses are conducted over one year.

Which method to choose in each specific case should be exclusively done by a specialist. Methods that are effective with children may not produce positive results with adults and vice versa.

Physiotherapy

Logoneurosis in children can be treated with complex therapy, which includes physical therapy. Exercise therapy for stuttering has some differences. It should affect all muscle groups and influence the stimulation and normalization of brain function. For adults, it is recommended to practice Nordic walking, skiing, and cycling. For exercise, you can use non-strength machines.

Such exercises are good for relieving nervous tension and affecting emotional stress. Logorhythmics exercises are good for young children. It is better to conduct classes outside and in the fresh air. Vitamin D, which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, has a positive effect on the central nervous system.

Breathing exercises

Breathing exercises have the following effects on a child:

coordination of rhythm and tempo of speech;
learns to control his breathing, coordinate it with his speech;
increase the tone of the abdominal wall;
strengthen the diaphragm muscles;
form breathing with the diaphragm.

Treatment of logoneurosis with breathing can take a very long time, sometimes even several years. For it to have the maximum effect, you need to perform the exercises correctly - you need to do them at least twice a day for 15 minutes.

Psychotherapy methods

These methods include two types of therapy - rational and suggestive. Additionally, the method of conducting auto-training is used. A rational method consists of a conversation with a specialist, who is called upon to form an adequate attitude of the patient to his problem. The suggestive method involves conducting one or several hypnosis sessions. Autotraining allows the patient to help himself independently. These skills are retained throughout life.

Gymnastics Strelnikova

This system consists of breathing exercises that were developed by this specialist. This approach has become widespread in medical science. It is aimed at eliminating diseases, including stuttering. It can be used for adults and children. Its main feature is its simplicity and proven effectiveness. The essence of the exercises is to alternate sharp breaths with simultaneous movements of individual parts of the body.

Competent help from a speech therapist

Any speech therapist is, first of all, a teacher who carries out correctional work in order to compensate for any speech disorders. Therapy should be carried out only after a systemic study of the existing physiological characteristics.

Recently, the treatment of logoneurosis in children and stuttering has changed markedly. This is due to the emergence of new methods, an increase in the number of specialists, and the emergence of new knowledge. Now you can look at getting rid of stuttering more optimistically and promisingly.

Where to go for treatment of logoneurosis?

Throughout the entire existence of the Ember center, our specialists have successfully relieved their clients (adults and children) from logoneurosis. Correction of logoneurosis should be carried out by competent specialists. Contact our center and our specialists will save you or your loved ones from logoneurosis forever. If necessary, classes can be held at home, in an environment that is comfortable and familiar to the client.

Make an initial appointment for the correction of logoneurosis by phone or fill out the application form on the website.

Therapy for children

Several effective methods and methods for getting rid of logoneurosis have now been developed. Usually they are used in conjunction with each other. The therapy itself is carried out in group or individual form. The main condition is that any treatment should be based on the individual characteristics of a particular child, taking into account all the physiological characteristics of the patient as much as possible.

If the origin of stuttering is due to a nervous disorder, medication may be required. However, most children manage without the use of special medications. If the reasons for the development of logoneurosis are psychological, the participation of psychotherapists and neurologists will be required.

Speech therapy correction

The work of a speech therapist in getting rid of stuttering is called correction, not treatment. The process itself consists of various elements, such as pedagogical influences on the child, comprehensive rehabilitation. Classes with speech therapists should be part of this complex work, requiring special patience, perseverance, and work. The classes themselves are structured individually and must correspond to the diagnosis and other personal differences of the patient - his age, etiology, degree of stuttering, and others.

If we talk about activities with the baby, they should have a playful form. As you grow older, you may begin to engage in more complex activities that have different, higher effectiveness. Specialists Vlasova and Rau have created a system of sequential exercises that gradually become more complex as you progress and obtain certain results.

Components of this system:

At the first stage, the learned words, phrases, and poems are pronounced, and the technique of reflected speech is used.
The second stage of correction of logoneurosis or stuttering includes the child having to independently describe the picture. Guided questions from an adult can help.
The third stage involves consolidating the acquired skills in your everyday life.

For a school-age child, there are other ways. For such children, lessons and sessions with a speech therapist play a major role. The main emphasis is on overcoming the defect, and it is important to instill in the child the importance of independent learning. To obtain this effect, the Cheveleva method is used. In this method, the child makes crafts with his own hands, while voicing all his movements and manipulations.

There is also the Yastrebova method, which includes three stages of correction:

the first stage is to study knowledge of linguistic speech;
the second is the activation of skills;
third – consolidation of acquired knowledge and speech skills.

There is another method that has proven its effectiveness, developed by specialists - Abeleva, Golubeva, Evgenova and others. They created a technique that can be used by children and adults. This type of correction consists of hypnosis, various relaxation techniques and other techniques.

The correction program from Harutyunyan is designed to overcome stuttering by working with fingers, that is, developing fine motor skills of the hands. These movements are synchronized with speech, affecting its rhythm. The classes themselves are conducted in small groups, no more than five people. The leading hand is on the thigh, and the fingers should press on the leg itself. Every syllable spoken, the finger should stop pressing. Thus, gradually the hands become a regulator of the speed of speech. This technique consists of four successive steps:

the child must learn to relax, relieving muscle tension;
learn to move your fingers correctly;
training in pronunciation of words and individual phrases;
working with texts and books.

One of the main disadvantages of the technique is the lack of a psychotherapeutic element in getting rid of stuttering. Treatment of logoneurosis in children does not have a clearly defined method, since each individual case must be examined separately, and the consequences of logoneurosis themselves can be observed throughout the rest of their lives.

Treatment methods for stuttering in children

There are a variety of methods of correctional work, the choice of which remains with specialists - speech therapists, neurologists, psychotherapists and others. Choosing a treatment approach on your own, without contacting medical professionals, is strictly prohibited. As soon as the first manifestations of logoneurosis are detected, parents should immediately seek help.

There are general recommendations that apply to various logoneuroses:

provide the child with maximum peace of mind, eliminating stressful situations;
if ridicule is observed from his peers, visiting such child care institutions must be stopped;
it is advisable to limit the reception of guests;
It is recommended to change the environment for the child, for example, go on vacation with him;
physical activity will be useful;
adherence to daily routine;

For adults, it is recommended to attend thematic seminars or workshops dedicated to the treatment of stuttering. As well as home exercises to improve diction, reading tongue twisters and special rhymes aimed at automating the pronunciation of sounds.

Breathing exercises

The exercises and techniques themselves are selected individually, based on medical history, symptoms, course characteristics and other differences. Initially, they are carried out under the supervision of a specialist, then they can be performed together with parents at home. Treatment of logoneurosis in children using breathing exercises is performed using three methods:

static – a set of exercises aimed at general calming of the nervous system;
dynamic – aimed at teaching proper rhythmic breathing while moving and talking;
special – should only be carried out by specialists since a specialized tool is used for this.

All three methods can be used to treat stuttering or logoneurosis. The child must learn to control his breathing while talking. There are other methods that also have a positive effect on the patient. There are general recommendations from specialists for carrying out such exercises, which can be performed even independently, but under the supervision of adults.

Before starting classes, it is better to ventilate the room. You should not exercise after eating. The clothing of a child or adult should not be tight and put pressure on the chest or interfere with the patient in any way.

The breathing exercises technique itself looks like this:

inhalation is done through the nose, exhalation through the mouth;
there should be no break between these actions;
Do not do exercises with diligence;
as you exhale, a few words are pronounced – about 3-4;
semantic pauses should be placed in long sentences;

Breathing should not be interrupted, it should be smooth, even and calm. The muscles should be relaxed. One of the main requirements is that you cannot move your shoulders.

Acupressure

Treatment of logoneurosis in adults and children can also be carried out using acupressure. It does not have to be carried out in an outpatient setting; it can be done on your own. Only the first lessons conducted by a professional will be enough.

The ban on homework applies only if there are any accompanying diagnoses and symptoms or there is strong muscle tone, which is impossible or extremely difficult to cope with on your own.

Computerized speech correction programs

There are various programs that can relieve stuttering in adults and children. They affect the speech and hearing centers of the brain. These classes are conducted using a microphone and headphones. The child pronounces the required phrases and hears them himself, but in a modified form.

Drug therapy

Stuttering or logoneurosis can be treated or its manifestations can be reduced in some cases with medications. They should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist; self-medication in this matter is strictly prohibited. Sedatives or sedatives are often used. They relieve nervous tension, relax muscles, relieve anxiety, and minimize the psychological factor from logoneurosis.

It is better to use mild sedatives made from medicinal herbs such as valerian, lemon balm, motherwort and others. Psychostimulants may be prescribed. They increase activity and add vigor. To achieve better results, a specialist may prescribe certain antipsychotic medications. They affect the transmission of impulses between nerve cells. Nootropics have a good effect on brain activity and improve memory.

Emotionally figurative therapy for logoneurosis

This method of treatment has appeared recently, allowing the correction of mental disorders and logoneuroses. This technique has especially proven its effectiveness for various psychosomatic disorders. It appeared in our country in the 90s.

For stuttering, imagery therapy is effective in eliminating manifestations of nervousness in a child. A significant part of logoneuroses is associated with psychosomatics, therefore, treatment with this method shows sufficient effectiveness.

4.Treatment

Currently, there are many effective methods for treating stuttering. The primary task is to normalize the attitude towards the disorder and develop a constructive, cooperative position in the patient himself, as well as in his immediate family. It is equally important to examine and, if necessary, adjust the system of intrafamily relations. Various psychotherapeutic techniques of relaxation, distraction, coping (overcoming) fears and mental blocks, teaching autosuggestive techniques, and desensitization are used. Systems of special speech therapy gymnastics, massage, and breathing have been developed. Sometimes drug support is used (tranquilizers, antispasmodics, antidepressants), in other cases it is not indicated and is inappropriate.

If an organic pathology of the central nervous system is detected, a course of adequate neurological treatment or neurosurgical intervention is prescribed (as indicated).

Today, in most cases, it is possible to achieve a complete cure or at least a radical reduction of logoneurotic symptoms. It is very important to seek help at the initial stage, at the first signs of disturbances in rhythm and fluency of speech, when the disorder has not yet acquired the character of stagnant fixation with a lot of secondary psychological consequences.

The role of the family’s response to logoneurosis in a child

A special role in the treatment of stuttering is given to the child’s family and environment. Higher risks exist if the child is constantly in an environment of stress, strong emotions, or if force or psychological pressure is applied to the child.

Parents should follow some recommendations from experts:

maintain the correct daily routine of the child;
do not overwork him;
create a calm atmosphere in the family;
use a calm metered tone when communicating with the child and each other, avoiding shouting or sudden movements;
show interest in the child;
TV or music should not be played all day;
It is necessary to engage in development with the child.

Whatever methods and methods of treating logoneurosis are used, they may not have any result if these requirements are not met in the family.

Fighting stuttering at home

Most classes can be done at home. Some exercises, especially their first lessons, are carried out together with a specialist. Subsequent ones, when their mechanism is clear, you can do them on your own. The only exceptions are those that require special equipment, tools and other items. It is also an exception to have complex diagnoses that are caused by disorders in the nervous system or require the help of a psychotherapist.

Self-help techniques

Shows the positive effect of auto-training. Such exercises consist of practicing in front of a mirror to see your own facial expressions. They take about an hour and do not require much effort from the patient.

The main requirement is to maintain a calm, measured bottom pattern, have long, healthy sleep, give up bad habits, and not be stressed.

Prevention of logoneuroses

Prevention is measures that can prevent the appearance and development of speech in a child and an adult. Such measures can reduce the risk. There are three types of prevention of logoneurosis:

prevention of speech disorders in children;
relapse prevention;
prevention of problems with the child’s social adaptation.

If the baby is too sensitive, weak, or has an unstable psyche, such measures are especially useful. When the first symptoms appear, the parent should immediately contact speech therapists and neurologists.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can be effective in eliminating stuttering in adolescents. But they cannot replace other correction methods: drug therapy, physiotherapy, massage, classes with a speech therapist and psychologist. Therefore, be sure to consult with your doctor before starting treatment. Moreover, some products have contraindications - only a specialist will tell you all the nuances.

The most commonly used means are:

inside - oregano, lavender flowers, drupes, linden blossom;
externally (baths) - with rosemary, peony.